Category
Service Delivery Economics
What it costs to reach a farmer, and what those costs buy. Unit economics, agent ratios, last mile logistics and the budget lines programmes routinely leave out.
Briefing note
What it actually costs to serve a smallholder
Published cost per farmer figures run from USD 0.47 to USD 4,382 a year. What that range actually measures, and six questions to ask of any last mile budget.
30 August 2026